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The Severn Ojibwa or the Oji-Cree language (ᐊᓂᐦᔑᓂᓃᒧᐏᐣ, ''Anishininiimowin''; Unpointed: ᐊᓂᔑᓂᓂᒧᐏᐣ) is the indigenous name for a dialect of the Ojibwe language spoken in a series of Oji-Cree communities in northern Ontario and at Island Lake, Manitoba, Canada. Ojibwa is a member of the Algonquian language family, itself a member of the Algic language family. The language is often referred in English as Oji-Cree, with the term Severn Ojibwa (or Ojibwe) primarily used by linguists and anthropologists.〔Rhodes, Richard and Evelyn Todd, 1981; Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994; Valentine, Lisa P., 1995〕 Severn Ojibwa speakers have also been identified as Northern Ojibwa,〔Rogers, Edward, 1981〕 and the same term has been applied to their dialect.〔Rogers, J., 1964〕 Severn Ojibwa speakers use two self-designations in their own language. The first is ''Anishinini'' 'ordinary person' (plural ''Anishininiwag'') 〔J. Randolph Valentine, 1994, p. 117〕 This term has been compared to Plains Cree ''ayisiyiniw'' 'person, human being.' 〔Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, p. 117; Wolfengrey, Arok, 2001, p. 17. Wolfengrey's representation corrects the apparent anomalies observed by Valentine in his source for this term, which wrote ''ayiisiniyiwak'' 'people'; this appears to reflect typographical errors in the length of the vowel in the second syllable, as well as reversing the third and fourth consonants. Wolfengrey actually writes ''aȳisiȳiniwaɡ,'' where the acute accent means that the has different pronunciations in other dialects.〕 The term ''Anishinaabe'' 'ordinary man,' which is widely used as a self-designation across the Ojibwa dialect continuum, is also used and accepted by Severn speakers.〔Rogers, Edward and G. Taylor, 1981, p. 241〕 The term ''Anishininiimowin'' is the general word used in Severn Ojibwa to refer to the language itself (noun ''Anishinini'' 'ordinary person,' suffix ''-mo'' 'speak a language,' suffix ''-win'' 'nominalizer').〔J. Randolph Valentine, 1994〕 A similar term ''Anishinaabemowin'' with the same structure would be expected but has not been documented in published sources. Anishininiimowin was one of only six aboriginal languages in Canada to report an increase in use in the 2001 Canadian census over the 1996 census.〔(Aboriginal peoples of Canada: A Demographic Profile ), Statistics Canada〕 ==Relationship to other Ojibwa dialects== Although sometimes described as a separate language, Severn Ojibwa is most accurately described as a dialect of the larger Ojibwe language complex with a number of distinctive innovations in addition to an increment of vocabulary borrowed from Cree and a modest amount of Cree morphology.〔Rhodes, Richard and Evelyn Todd, 1981; Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994〕 Valentine has proposed that Ojibwe dialects are divided into three groups: a northern tier consisting of Severn and Algonquin; a southern tier consisting of "Odawa, Chippewa, Eastern Ojibwe, the Ojibwe of the Border Lakes region between Minnesota and Ontario, and Saulteaux; and third, a transitional zone between these two polar groups, in which there is a mixture of northern and southern features." 〔J. Randolph Valentine, 1994, pp. 39〕 It has been noted that, along with Algonquin and Odawa, Severn Ojibwa "…show() many distinct features, which suggest periods of relative isolation from other varieties of Ojibwe." 〔J. Randolph Valentine, 1994, p. 43-44〕 However, while each of these dialects has undergone innovations that make each of them distinctive in some respects, their status as part of the Ojibwa language complex is not in dispute. Many communities adjacent to these relatively sharply differentiated dialects show a mix of transitional features, reflecting overlap with other nearby dialects.〔Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, pp. 42-43〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oji-Cree language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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